PROGRAM Master
of Science in Information Technology(MSc IT)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MIT301– Object Oriented
Analysis and Design(OOAD)
1. List the advantages of object
oriented software development and explain.
[3 +7] 10
The advantages of object oriented
software development are:
·
Reduced maintenance
·
Code reusability
·
Real world modeling
·
Improved reliability and flexibility.
Let us now analyze these
benefits of object oriented software development.
Reduced
maintenance – Object-oriented system development ensures that the system
will enjoy a
longer life with
smaller maintenance costs.
Since most
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2. Explain the process of software
development. 10 10
Prototyping
The system characteristics
are clearly explained in object-oriented analysisand
design, but constructing a prototype for the key
elements is very much essential after the products are chosen.
Prototyping
is an approach to the development of a system where software simulates the
aspects of an
actual processing system.
In simple words, prototyping can be called as a shorter
version of a working system. Iterative approaches are
followed here to
implement prototypes. Prototypes
help
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3. List and explain the four
phases of the object modeling technique.
[2 +8] 10
The four phases
of the object modeling
technique that can be
repetitively executed are:
1) Analysis
2) System design
3) Objects design
4) Application
1) Analysis –
The analysis phase
starts when a
user creates a
problem statement which may be incomplete. Analysis phase helps us to
define a problem. Analysis helps
the system architect
to develop a
solution for the problem.
Deliverables in this phase are the object model, dynamic model and functional
model.
2) System
design – In this phase the system architect organizes the target
systems on the
basis of the
analyzed structure and
the planned architecture.
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4. Explain the different states of
activity diagram. 10 10
Activity diagrams
Activity diagrams
are special cases
of state chart
diagrams. An activity diagram has
actions as states.
It can be
considered as some
kind of elaborate flow
diagram and has
therefore some graphical
structures for handling conditions like a diamond shaped box for
conditionals and plates for merging control flow. Activity diagrams may contain
the following states. Activity
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5. List and explain the basic
categories of program errors. [2
+8] 10
Ans- Types of errors
Debugging is
a process of
finding errors in
the code which
cause unexpected results and
eliminating them. The
process of testing
and identifying bugs is a balance
of science, art and luck.
There are three basic
categories of program errors:
1) Syntax errors
2) Run-time errors
3) Logical errors
In the first two cases
when an error occurs, the computer
displays an 'Error Message', which
describes the error,
and its cause.
Unfortunately, error messages are often difficult to interpret, and
are sometimes misleading. In the final
case, the program will not show an error message but it will not do
what the programmer
wanted it to do.
Syntax errors
These are the easiest to find because they are
highlighted by the compiler and error messages are given. This type of error
is caused by the failure of the
programmer to use the correct grammatical rules
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6. What are the rules for
developing usability testing? 10 10
Collecting
information about usability requires many methods to be followed. Fresh ideas
can be generated by participating in focus
groups rather than depending
on the use
cases. A mediator
can oversee the
discussion and assign tasks.
Everyone must be allowed to voice their ideas We have to conduct
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SEMESTER - 3
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MIT302-WEB TECHNOLOGIES
1. Differentiate
between TCP and UDP.
Answer:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
The TCP
corresponds to the transport layer of OSI reference model, The TCP is
known as a
connection-oriented
protocol, which means
that a connection is established
and maintained until such ti me as the message or messages to be exchanged by
the application programs at each end have been
exchanged. TCP makes
sure data gets
to the destination
without errors. It is also responsible for disassembling and assembling
the data. It divides large messages into
smaller packets of at the most 15KB size. Each of this
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2 Describe the features of XML. What are the
important rules to keep in mind about the XML declaration?
Answer:
Features
of XML:
XML is popular for many
features and few of them are listed here:
Easy
Data Exchange: In XML, data and markup are
stored as text that we can configure.
If we like,
we can use
XML editors to
create XML documents but
if something goes
wrong we can examine and modify document directly because it’s all just
text.XML provides a very efficient way
of storing most
data. In addition,
when we standardize
markup languages, many different people can use them.
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3. List and explain the Components of XML
processor.
Answer:
Components
of XML processor
a)
Parser
Every XML
processor has a
parser. An XML
parser converts an XML
document into an XML DOM object - which
can then be manipulated with a JavaScript. The
parser's job is to translate
XML markup and data into a stream of bite-sized nuggets, called tokens, to be
used for processing. A token may
be an element
start tag, a
string of character
content, the beginning
delimiter of a
processing instruction, or
some other piece
of markup that indicates a change between regions of the document.
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4.
Describe the procedure of fetching data from XML to HTML. Give an example.
Answer:
Loading
XML Data into an HTML Page
The process of fetching data from an XML
files to be filled in an HTML table,
using DSO (Data
Source Object) and
JavaScript. DSO is an
object that operates like a database on the client side. It will accept
information that is organized in a
certain way and
will manipulate it
with its own
database engine.
DSO allows data binding to
HTML table elements. When a table element is bound there is no need to write
out the code for individual rows for each record in the recordset. The DSO will
automatically do this for each record.
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5. Describe five different categories of PHP
Operators.
Answer:
PHP
– Operators
In all programming
languages, operators are used to manipulate or perform operations on variables
and values. There are many operators used in PHP, so we have separated them
into the following categories to make it easier to learn them all.
·
Assignment Operators
·
Arithmetic Operators
·
Comparison Operators
·
String Operators
·
The Concatenation Operator
Assignment
operators are used to set a variable
equal to a value or set a variable to another variable's value. Such an
assignment of value is done with the "=", or equal character.
Example: $my_data = 2; $another_data =
$my_data
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6 Describe about ASP.
Answer:
Introduction
of ASP
Active Serve r
Pages (ASPs) are
Web pages that
contain server-side scripts
in addition to the usual mixture of text and HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) tags. Server-side scripts
are special code that is put in Web Pages and that code
is processed before it is sent to the
Web browser of someone who's visiting
your Web site.
When we type
a URL in the
Addressbox or click a link on a Web page it means we are asking a Web server to send a file to the Web
browser on our computer. If that file
is a normal HTML file,
it looks exactly
the same when
your Web browser
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PROGRAM Master
of Science in Information Technology(MSc IT)Revised Fall 2011
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MIT3031– High Speed Networks
1. Write a note on Frame Relay
Networks.
Ans- Frame
Relay Networks
The traditional
approach to packet switching (X.25), used in-band signaling, and includes
end-to-end and well as per-hop flow control and error control.
This approach
results in considerable
overhead. Frame relay
is a packetmode transmission service that exploits
characteristics of modern networks by
minimizing the amount of error detection
and recovery performed inside the network. Frame relay is an efficient network interface
standard that gets
its name from its
method of operation – the relaying of
frames of information through a
network.
Thus, by
streamlining the communications process,
lower delay and higher throughput is achieved. Frame relay offers
features that make it ideal to
interconnect LANs using a Wide Area Network (WAN).
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2. List and explain the advantages
of virtual path connection (VPC) [2+8]
10
A virtual
path connection (VPC)
is a bunch
of VCCs share
the same endpoints where all the
cells flowing over all the VCCs in a single VPC are switched together.
Grouping connections that
share a common
path over the network reduces the
control costs. There are many advantages of VPC
some of them are mentioned below which are as follows:
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3. What are issues that we need to
resolve while using a mixed ATM LAN architecture? Explain.
We need
to resolve the
following issues while
using a mixed
ATM LAN architecture:
• Difference in protocols
• Difference in addressing
• Difficulty
in multicasting or
broadcasting
• Interoperability
• Difference
in protocols – In connectionless protocols like Ethernet,
a station can send data packets to
another station without establishing or terminating a connection. But
connection-oriented
protocols like ATM must first establish a connection and
then terminate the connection once all the cells
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4. List and explain the types of
congestion.
Ans- Congestion
The situation
wherein network resources are
constantly overloaded or the
overall demand of a resource exceeds its capacity is termed as congestion. Congestion in a network occurs when the load
on the network or the number of packets
transmitted to the
network is more
than the capacity
of the network,
i.e., the number of packets a network can handle. Congestion in a network
or internetwork happens
as the routers
and switches include
queues-buffers that contain
the packets prior
to and after
processing. It damages the quality of service and also
results in delays, missing data.
Congestion
occurs due to several factors. When streams of packets quickly
start coming on three or four input lines and if all require the same
output line, then
a queue is
formed. The packet
is lost if
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5. What are the
seven timers that
TCP maintains for
every connection?
Explain any three.
There are
seven timers that
TCP maintains for
every connection and they are:
·
SYNACK timer
·
Retransmit timer
·
Delayed ACK timer
·
Keep alive timer
·
Probe timer
·
FinWait2 timer
·
TWKill timer
SYNACK timer –
This timer is
utilized when a
TCP instance changes
its state from LISTEN to SYN_RECV.
At first, the server’s TCP instance stops for three
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6. What
are the advantages
and disadvantages of
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)?
Ans- Advantages of RIP
The advantages of RIP
are:
It is easy to deploy. It can be implemented
in a network just by enabling the protocol on every router of the
network.
It is suitable
for networks that
change often and
for remote networks
whose topology is not known.
Many
common devices can
listen to RIP
advertisements and identify possible gateways.
Disadvantages of RIP
RIP is a simple
protocol suitable for small internets. But it has the following disadvantages:
The growth in the internets has made
destinations to need a metric of more than 15.
Its
suboptimal routing tables
result in packets
being transmitted over slower or costlier links even when
better paths are available.
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PROGRAM Master of Science in
Information Technology(MSc IT)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MIT3043–
Graphics and Multimedia Systems
1. Explain the following
(a) Image enhancement.
(b) Pattern detection and
recognition.
(c) Scene analysis and computer.
(d) Visualization.
Image Processing as Picture Analysis
The computer
graphics is a
collection, contribution and
representation of real or imaginary objects from their
computer-based models. Thus we can say that
computer graphics concerns
the pictorial synthesis
of real or imaginary objects.
However, the related
field image processing
or sometimes called picture
analysis concerns the analysis of scenes, or the reconstruction
of models of
2D or 3D
objects from their
picture. This is exactly
the reverse process. The image processing can be classified as
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2. Write a note on digitizers.
[10] 10
Digitizers
Digitizer is a device used to
convert an image into a series of dots
that can be read, stored
and manipulated by
the computer. It
converts analog or physical input
into digital images.
Significance of digitizers
is carrying out important
work in computer-aided design, graphics design and engineering.
They also
help convert hand-drawn images into textures and animation in video
games and movie
CGI. Modern digitizers
appear as flat
scanning surfaces or tablets that
connect to a computer workstation. The surface is touch-sensitive, sending signals to the
software, which translates them into
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3. Explain 3D viewing. [10]
10
3D Viewing
Viewing a scene in 3D is much
more complicated than 2D viewing, where in the
latter the viewing
plane on which
a scene is
projected from WCs is
basically the
screen, except for
its dimensions. In
3D, we can
choose different viewing planes,
directions to view from and positions to view from.
We also have a
choice in how
we project from
the WC scene
onto the viewing plane. In the process of viewing a 3D
scene, we set up a coordinate system for
viewing, which holds
the viewing
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4. Explain different types of
coherence.
Types of coherence:
1. Object Coherence: Visibility of
an object can
often be decided
by examining a circumscribing
solid (which may be of simple form, eg. A sphere or a polyhedron.)
2. Face Coherence: Surface properties
computed for one
part of a
face can be applied to adjacent
parts after small incremental
modification. (eg. If the face is small, we sometimes can assume if one part of the
face is invisible to the viewer, the entire face is also invisible).
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5. What is multimedia? Explain
briefly the uses of multimedia
[3+7] 10
Uses of Multimedia
Multimedia has found large
applications in various areas including, but not limited to,
advertisements, art, education,
entertainment, engineering, medicine,
mathematics, business, scientific
research and spatial
temporal applications. Some
examples are as follows: Entertainment:
Multimedia is heavily
used in the
entertainment industry, especially
to develop special
effects in movies
and animations. Computer games are also one of the main applications of
multimedia because of the
high
amount of interactivity involved. Education:
In Education, multimedia
is used to
produce computer-based training
courses (popularly called
CBTs) and reference
books like encyclopedia
and manuals. A
CBT lets the
user go through
a series of presentations, text
about a particular
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6. Explain the following
(a) Full animation
(b) Limited animation
(c) Rotoscoping
Full animation refers to the process of producing
high-quality traditionally animated
films, which regularly
use detailed drawings
and possible movement.
Fully animated films
can be done
in a variety
of styles, from more realistically
animated works such
as those produced
by the Walt
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Limited animation is a process of making animated cartoons that does not redraw
entire frames but
variably reuses common
parts between frames. One of its major trademarks is the stylized
design in all forms and shapes, which in the early days was referred to as
modern design. Pioneered by
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Rotoscoping is an
animation technique in which animators trace
over liveaction film movement, frame by frame, for use in animated
films. Originally, recorded live-action
film images were projected onto a frosted glass panel and
re-drawn by an
animator. This projection
equipment is called
a
rotoscope,
although this device has been replaced by computers in recent years.
In the visual
effects
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